The article is devoted to the most urgent problem of modern thyroidology - goiter endemia. The questions of classification and basic terminology are considered.

This paper presents the results of 5-year (1994-1998) observations of the prevalence and incidence of diabetes mellitus in adult population of the Central District of Moscow (n - 662,000). In formation on diabetics was collected by local endocrinologists, introduced in the register database, and computer processed. By January I, 1999 there were 657patients with type 1 and 7666 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The prevalence and incidence were 145.1 and 4.6 per 100,000 adult population for type I and 1692.5 and 125.4 per 100,000 for type 2, respectively. The prevalence of both types of diabetes significantly increased during the period of observation and varied significantly from year to year. Lower prevalence was observed during the first 3 years of observation in comparison with the 2 last years. The prevalence and incidence of type 1 diabetes increased significantly in men in comparison with women, particularly in age groups 20-29, 40-49, and 50-59years. The prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes increased most significantly over 5 years, the shifts being more pronounced in women than in men, particularly at the age of over 40 years.

The purpose of this work was to study metabolism and peripheral blood content of the main adrenal and gonadal androgens (dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and DHEA sulfate and testosterone, respectively) in men of different age treated by insulin. Thirty-five diabetics type I aged 15-52 years and 34 age-matched healthy controls were examined. The levels of DHEA and DHEA sulfate in the peripheral blood were decreased in the diabetics in comparison with healthy men, the differences being the most pronounced at the age of 15-45years. In parallel with this, hydrocortisone levels were increased in the patients. Opposite changes in the levels of adrenal androgens and hydrocortisone cause a drastic shift in these hormones balance in the patients with type I diabetes. The content of testosterone was normal (20.6 ± 1.2 nmol/liter) in 28 of 35patients during insulin therapy, while in 7 with higher glycaemia values the mean testosterone content was no higher than 6.3 + 1.1 nmol/liter. Presumably, the content of testosterone remains normal in diabetics during insulin therapy in the presence of adequate metabolic control, while the content of adrenal androgens decreases

Clinical biochemical indicators of risk of atherosclerosis-associated diseases and insulin resistance were studied in patients with DH type 2 and the clinical significance of these indicators was evaluated. A total of 100 patients with type 2 DM of slight and medium severity (70 women and 30 men) aged 40-60years were examined during the compensation stage. The following criteria were used for detecting the metabolic syndrome components: arterial hypertension (AH) was diagnosed at diastolic pressure above 90 mm Hg and/or systolic pressure above 140 mm Hg; hyperlipidemia (HL) at total cholesterol (TCS) level > 250 mg/dl and/or triglyceride (TG) level > 200 mg/dl; abdominal obesity (AO) at body weight index (BWI) > 25 kg/m² at waist to hip circumference ratio (WC/HC) > 0.90 for men and > 0.8 for women or at BWI > 30 kg/m². The majority (76%) of examined patients with compensated type 2 DM had a combination of 2- 3 components of the metabolic syndrome: AH, AO, and HL. Complete metabolic syndrome was diagnosed in 44%> patients, and only 5% of patients with type 2 DM had no this cardiovascular risk factors. The mean systolic pressure in AH+AO and/or HL combination was significantly higher than in patients with AH alone. Mean levels of systolic and diastolic arterial pressure, BWI, WC/HC, TCS, and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly higher in type 2 DM patients with AO+AH than in patients without these components of the metabolic syndrome or with only one of these components. Hence, the presence of 2 or 3 components of the metabolic syndrome in patients with type 2 DM is associated with high risk of atherosclerotic diseases because of the combination of risk factors and their higher level, which is presumably due to metabolic relationships between these components of the metabolic syndrome.

The article is devoted to the study of the Role of antibodies to thyrotropic hormone receptor in the diagnosis and prognosis of the course of diffuse toxic goiter and endocrine ophthalmopathy.

The article is devoted to the leptin hormone and its role in the organism.

The article is devoted to the memory of the outstanding scientist, teacher, methodologist, doctor, head of the Department of Endocrinology of Vinnytsia State Medical University, Doctor оf Medical Science, Professor Boris Alekseevich Zelinsky.